![]() Franz Marc, ‘Moorhütten im Dachauer Moos’, 1902, Franz Marc Museum, Kochel am See. When he returned to Munich he matriculated from the Ludwig Maximilians University, instead enrolling at the Munich Art Academy in 1901, the school where his father had also studied. During this time, which he spent near Augsburg, he began to consider following more closely in his father’s footsteps. First, however, he had to complete his one-year military service. Related: Henri Matisse: Master of Fauvism and Simplificationįranz became interested in theology and philosophy while still in high school, but decided to study philology after graduating. The Marc family left for the summers, spending the holidays Kochel am See. Meanwhile, Franz and his older brother Paul attended the Luitpold high school in Munich, where Albert Einsteinalso temporarily attended classes. Wilhelm Marc, ‘Franz Marc cutting wood’, c. In the late 1880s, however, Wilhelm Marc fell ill with multiple sclerosis, forcing him to give up his job completely in 1894 and leaving him to support a family of four with only a pension. His father Wilhelm was a genre and landscape painter, and had worked on the furnishings of the Linderhof and Herrenchiemsee castles of the "fairy tale king" Ludwig II of Bavaria. Through the influence of Bauhaus educator Josef Albers they led the way for the Abstract Expressionism of Jackson Pollock, Arshile Gorky and Mark Rothko.Franz Marc was born in Munich on February 8, 1880, the younger of two brothers. The group dispersed with the onset of the First World War, but were highly influential on a number of subsequent movements, including Kasimir Malevich’s Suprematism and the geometric abstraction of Piet Mondrian. Kandinsky wrote, ‘Colour is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano … the artist is the hand that plays,’ and, ‘that is beautiful which is produced by the inner need, which springs from the soul.’ Kandinsky made the Kleine Welten (Small Worlds) portfolio in 1922, exploring a vibrant interplay of lines, textures and forms that appear to float in space like the sounds of music. Of particular interest to Kandinsky were the Symbolic properties of colour and painting’s parallels with music, which could lead the way to pure abstraction. In 1910 Kandinsky published the book Concerning the Spiritual in Art, now considered one of the most important documents in the history of modern art. In the almanac, Franz Marc referred to the group as ‘The savages of Germany’, with a desire to produce, ‘symbols that belong on the altars of a future spiritual religion.’ Publication of Kandinsky’s Concerning the Spiritual in Art In 1912 the Blue Rider group published the Der Blaue Reiter Almanach, edited by Kandinsky and Marc, containing theoretical essays and over 140 art reproductions. Though styles varied within the group, together they shared an affinity with expressive content and primitive folk or children’s art which they felt held a greater authenticity than the Western pursuit of naturalism and beauty. Kandinsky, Marc and Jawlensky left the NKvM to form Der Blaue Reiter, holding their first exhibition in 1911. In 1909 Kandinsky founded the group the Neue Kunstlervereinigung Munchen (New Artists Association of Munich), or NKvM, bringing together artists who shared an expressionistic style and heightened use of colour derived from Fauvism and Symbolism. The name is taken from a Kandinsky painting made in 1903 in an early, Symbolist style, depicting a man cloaked in blue riding through a green meadow to represent the journey from the real world into an imaginary one. In contrast with Die Brucke artists, who painted unsettling depictions of the real world, Der Blaue Reiter members aimed to transcend reality through symbolic use of colour and abstracted forms. Along with the Die Brucke movement in Dresden, they laid the foundation for Expressionism in Germany. Initially founded by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, other members included Paul Klee, August Macke, Marianne von Werefkin and Alexej von Jawlensky. Der Blaue Reiter were a group of international artists based in Munich who experimented with Abstraction and Expressionism. ![]()
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